If you see bars down the side of a truck or trailer between the axles, this is side underrun protection and it's designed to stop cyclists, motorcyclists low vehicles and other road users falling, sliding or driving underneath the truck or trailer and being run over by the rear wheels.
On the Side of Safety – Bicycle NSW
Strenx® for curtain sider trailers - SSAB
New underrun protection for tippers, low bed trailers with slide
Under-Run Bars on Trucks : Why they are important for you! - Team-BHP
Rear underrun protection bar complete mounted
ATA releases side underrun protection program - Trailer Magazine
Semi-trailer truck - Wikiwand
When Is Side Underrun Protection Needed? – Bicycle NSW
SIDE ISSUE
Validating underrun devices through simulation - Smedley's
Semi-trailer truck - Wikiwand
Strenx® 960 for rear underrun protection device
Benefits of side underride guards for semitrailers